Pharmaceutical
Purified water system: What is Operational Flow ??
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| Figure: 01 Pharmaceutical purified water |
In the previous article we understood the Fundamental Introduction of Pharmaceutical Purified water system, Here
in this article we will get some more on the same topic to understand the
Operational flow of the pharmaceutical process water system.
which is being followed in the pharmaceutical industry. The operational flow is
consists of difference stages for the treatment to input water i.e. Raw water /
potable water.
Purified water/Process
water is water that has been mechanically filtered or processed to
remove impurities and make it suitable for use in pharmaceutical industries.
Water is further purified by other processes
including deionization, reverse osmosis, carbon filtering, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, ultraviolet oxidation, or electro
deionization.
Combinations of a number of
these processes have come into use to produce Purified water/Process
water of such high purity that its trace contaminants are measured in
parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt).
WHAT
IS SIGNIFICANCE OF EXECUTION OF VARIOUS STAGES FOR WATER PURIFICATION?
Question may be strike in
mind why various stages are being used in Purified water generation system in
Pharmaceutical industry…? So that it may be answered with the below details;
GRAMICID
DOSING;
GRAMICID is a multi-component
complex formulation of concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide (48 %) and Silver (500 ppm)
in cationic form. GRAMICID dosing is required in the water
purification process to perform disinfection of raw water /potable water
and Chlorine Dosing. Read in Details….
SAND
FILTRATION:
Multi Grade Filter (MGF) is being used for filtration process of water. Objective to
perform this operation in the water purification process is to remove of
suspended solids and turbidity in the water. This will remove macro level
particles. Read in Details….
Water softening is a process of Ion exchange in which the ions of Calcium (Ca2+)
and magnesium (Mg2+) and sometimes iron are removed. Calcium
and magnesium are often referred to as ‘hardness minerals’.
Hard water has high
concentrations of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+)
ions. These ions make it difficult for products with other positively charged
ions to dissolve in the water. Hard water is known to clog pipes so in this
regard also it is required to soften. Water softening can prevent these
negative effects. Water softeners are being used for this purpose. Read in Details….
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Fundamental |
FILTRATION
There are two types of membrane filtration is
being used in the pharmaceutical grade purified water.
- Micro
filtration is the process of physically removing suspended
solid from water, through a membrane. Particle ranges from 0.1 to 10 Micron
size can be removed from the water. - Ultrafiltration (UF) is a water purification process in which water is forced through a
semipermeable membrane. Main objective to use ultrafiltration in water
purification process is to remove the bacteria, viruses , colloidal silica
& fine sand etc.
Read in Details….
ANTI-SCALANT
DOSING:
Antiscalants made of
polyacrylic acid and are anionic in nature. Sodium hexametaphosphate is being commonly used
as Antiscalant. Antiscalants are used for
preventing the membranes that caused by the various scalants. Read in Details….
SMBS
DOSING:
SMBS dosing is the dosing
of a chemical named Sodium metabisulfate, which is used for De- chlorination of
feed water. SMBS Dosing is required to remove the presence of chlorine in feed
water. This process helps to avoid oxidation of RO membranes which is being
used in the next stage of Water purification. Read in Details….
pH
DOSING
For maintenance of pH of
water, Caustic Soda i.e. NaOH dosing is used in the water purification process.
Requirement at this stage is 9 to 10. pH dosing is required because Carbon
dioxide content in water is an important parameter As carbon dioxide in gaseous
form pass easily the RO membrane & could affect negatively to the next
stage of water purification. Read in Details….
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NANO
MEMEBRANE FILTRATION (Reverse Osmosis):
The direct meaning of
reverse osmosis (RO) is the movement of water through a membrane when pressure
is applied on one side of the membrane.
Reverse osmosis is the
best-known filtration method and it is widely used in pharmaceutical water
systems. Reverse osmosis (RO) is required to perform for the removal of
dissolved impurities and separates water from dissolve salt in solution
filtering through a semi permeable membrane. Membrane size in the RO may ranges
from 0.01μ to 0.0001μ. Read in Details….
ELECTRO
DEIONIZATION UNIT (EDI):
EDI stands as polisher unit
to obtain as desired quality of treated water. As the name suggests, EDI works
on the principle of ion exchange where ion selective membranes operate using
the same principle as ion exchange resin. EDI Column is consisting of 02
membranes named as Cathode and Anode, these both membranes are essentially
leaves the water free on ions (deionized water). Read in Details….
ULTRAVIOLET
FILTRATION:
Ultraviolet filtration is
the final step in Pharmaceutical Purified water generation system and the output received is
termed as Pure Water. UV light is used to disinfect various algae, molds,
viruses and other microorganisms. Read in Details….
Learn more……..